Крапка, кома, знаки оклику та запит

Крапка, кома, знаки оклику та запитання, крапка з комою та дефіс - здається, вони завжди були невід'ємною частиною текстів. Та це не так. Кореспондент BBC Culture Кіт Г'юстон розповідає захопливу історію розділових знаків.
Наше знайомство з ними починається у дитинстві, коли ми вчимося читати і писати. Важко уявити собі текст без ком і крапок, тире та дефісів, дужок і лапок. Вони оформлюють граматичні структури і передають на письмі ті особливості, яких не можуть відтворити літери або цифри.
У стародавніх Греції та Римі ораторське мистецтво мало більше значення, ніж письмовий текст
Без них ми не могли би зрозуміти текст, або принаймні, він виглядав би вкрай заплутаним. Утім, читачі та письменники стародавньої доби обходилися без пункутації впродовж тисячоліть. Що ж змусило їх згодом передумати?
Мабуть, перший, кому набридла писемність без розділових знаків, був мешканець еллінської Александрії, бібліотекар на ім'я Аристофан. У 3-му столітті до нашої ери він очолював славетну Александрійську бібліотеку – один із провідних наукових та культурних центрів античного світу. Її колекція нараховувала сотні тисяч унікальних сувоїв, проте читати їх було справжньою мукою.
Від початку писемності давні греки писали свої тексти безрозділовихзнаків, не розрізняючи ВеЛиКих та МаЛИх літер. Продиратися крізь нетрі слів та літер і шукати початок та кінець речень було справжнім випробуванням стійкості та наполегливості читача.
Утім, відсутність розділових знаків і пробілів між словами вважалася цілком нормальною. У перших демократичних суспільствах – Греції та Римі – політики мали насамперед бездоганно опанувати ораторське мистецтво, щоб красномовно та переконливо спілкуватися з електоратом.

Результаты (английский) 1:

Dot, comma, exclamation points, and question, semicolon and dash-it seems they have always been an integral part of the texts. And it's not. BBC correspondent Culture Cat, Minnesota tells the fascinating story of punctuation.Our acquaintance with them begins in childhood, when we learn to read and write. It's hard to imagine the text without commas and dots, dashes and hyphens, parentheses, and quotation marks. They form grammatical structures and transmit in writing those features, which may not reproduce letters or numbers.In ancient Greece and Rome, oratory of little more value than a written textWithout them we wouldn't be able to understand the text, or at least, it looked to be extremely confusing. However, readers and writers of ancient era ends without a punkutacìï for thousands of years. What made them later change my mind?Apparently, the first who tired of writing without punctuation, was a resident of Hellenic Alexandria librarian named Aristophanes. In the 3rd century BC it was headed by the renowned Aleksandrìjs′ku library is one of the leading scientific and cultural centers of the ancient world. Her collection amounted to hundreds of thousands of unique scrolls, but read them was a real torment.From the beginning of writing the ancient Greeks wrote their texts bezrozdìlovihznakìv not distinguishing large and small letters. Wade through the wilds of words and letters and the search for the beginning and end of sentences was a true test of resilience and perseverance of the reader.However, the lack of punctuation and spaces between words was considered quite normal. In the first democratic societies – Greece and Rome – policy had the first perfect mastery of oratory, so eloquently and convincingly communicate to electorates.

Результаты (английский) 2:

Dot, comma, exclamation points and question semicolon and the dash - it seems they have always been an integral part of the text. And it is not. Correspondent BBC Culture Keith Houston tells a fascinating story punctuation.
Our acquaintance with them begins in childhood when we learn to read and write. It is hard to imagine a text without commas and dots, dashes and hyphens, parentheses and quotes. They make out the grammatical structures and transmit in writing the features which can not reproduce letters or numbers.
In ancient Greece and Rome oratory little more important than written text
Without them we could not have understood the text, or at least it would look very confusing . However, readers and writers of the ancient era did without punkutatsiyi for millennia. What made ​​them later change your mind?
Perhaps the first who tired of writing without punctuation, was a resident of the Hellenic Alexandria, librarian named Aristophanes. In the 3rd century BC, he led the famed Library of Alexandria - one of the leading scientific and cultural centers of the ancient world. Her collection consisted of hundreds of thousands of unique rolls, but read them was a real torment.
From start writing ancient Greeks wrote their texts bezrozdilovyhznakiv without distinguishing between large and small letters. Wade through the jungle of words and letters and look for the beginning and end of sentences was a real test of resilience and perseverance reader.
However, lack of punctuation and spaces between words was considered quite normal. In the first democratic societies - Greece and Rome - were primarily policy unbeatable master oratory, eloquently and convincingly to communicate with the electorate.

Результаты (английский) 3:

Krapka, coma, signs an exclamation mark and questions, semicolon and dash - it seems that they have always been an integral part of the texts. And it is not so. BBC correspondent Culture Cat a Houston says exciting story punctuation.
Our acquaintance with them starts in childhood, when we learn to read and write. It is difficult to imagine a plain text and dots dashes and dashes, brackets and quotation marks.They decorate grammatical structures and giving written those features that can reproduce letters or digits.
the ancient Greece and Rome oratory little more important than written text
Without their help we could not understand text, or at least, it would look extremely complicated However, readers and writers of ancient times did without пункутації over millennia. What made them later change?
Be the first, anyone tired of writing without punctuation, was a resident еллінської Aleksandriya, a librarian named Аристофан.In the 3rd century BC, he headed the glorious Александрійську library is one of the leading scientific and cultural centers of the world. Her collection numbered 100 thousand unique scrolls,However, read them was a real torture.
From start writing ancient Greeks wrote their text безрозділовихзнаків, not by differentiating the large and small letters.Wade through the slums words and letters and look for the start and stop sentences was a real trial of strength and persistence laconically.
However,The absence of punctuation and spaces between words was considered a normal. In the first democratic societies - Greece and Rome - the politicians had first perfectly master public speaking,So eloquently and convincing to communicate with voters.