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Kharkiv, the second most populous city of Ukraine, is a powerful industrial, educational, scientific and cultural center of the country. The main industries are machinery and machine tools, food and tobacco processing, and printing. From 1919 to 1934. Kharkiv was the capital of Ukraine. Despite the relatively small (350 years), Kharkiv has many monuments of culture and architecture, including both ancient and modern. Pokrovsky Cathedral (XVII century), one of the first kamânih of the buildings of the city, the Annunciation Cathedral (XVIII century), the Bell Tower of the Cathedral of the assumption (19th century), built to commemorate the victory over Napoleon, refer to relative antiquity. On the other hand, Chicago boasts modern architectural ensemble of the square of freedom, which is one of the largest in Europe, with a length of more than 1 kilometer. In the center of the ensemble is the original design of Deržpromu, the first in Europe-high building with solid concrete (1924). Nearby is another magnificent building in the style of Constructivism – Kharkiv National University. V.n. Karazin National University, one of the oldest in Ukraine, was founded in the year 1805. Harmonious proportions is celebrated also the architectural ensemble around the square, "mirror stream" in front of the modern building of the new Opera House, a monument to Taras Šev-čenku (1934), which is considered the best in the world as the monument to the great poet.
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