Improved resource allocation simply

Improved resource allocation simply indicates that over time workers have reallocated themselves from relatively low-productivity employments to relatively high-productivity employments. For example, over the 1929-1982 period a great deal of labor has been reallocated from agriculture - where labor productivity is relatively low - to manufacturing - where labor productivity is relatively high. As a result, the average productivity of American workers in the aggregate has increased. Similarly, we know that historically labor market discrimination has denied many women and minorities access to those jobs wherein they would be most productive. The decline of such discrimination over time has increased labor productivity. We will find that tariffs, import quotas, and other barriers to international trade are conducive employments. The long-run movement toward freer international trade has therefore improved the allocation of labor and enhanced productivity. Let us assert that there may be production advantages which are derived from market and firm size. For example, a large corporation might be able to select a more efficient production technique from those now available than could a small-scale firm. A large manufacturer of automobiles can use elaborate assembly lines, featuring computerization and robotics, while smaller producers must settle for more primitive technologies. The contribution of economies of scale means that markets have increased in scope and firms have increased in size so that overall more efficient production methods are being utilized. Accordingly, labor productivity increases.

Результаты (английский) 3:

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